Poets due to various social problems have tried not to limit their symbols to a specific domain but to use them in various domains such as religious ones. In such a plot, the prophets have a constructive role. Modern Arab poets have used these characters, since they carry potential indicators and are compatible with poets’ internal experiences. They use these personas to highlight their forgotten characteristics and to represent their innermost mental data in a symbolic way. However, since these symbols are closely related to vocabularies in the text, they contain various and specific meanings which are technically important and they deserve to be carefully studied. This paper deals with some of the technical values of these indicators such as exile and sufferance, patience and faith, endurance and freedom, sterility and rebirth, revolution, sacrifice and compromise.

Great historic revolutions owe of prominent personalities who have made deep transformation in the human society by their influence on thoughts and ideas of nations. One of these personalities, Imam Khomeini, could revive name and memory of reformer prophets and leaders in minds by his behavior. He was our contemporary Hussein and his prominent characteristics have been reflected in contemporary Arabic Potty. He was a freeman and eager to martyrdom and this characteristic of him has been described by Arab poet Adnan Mustafa Al-Omrani. Imam's freedom and idols fighting has also been considered by Lebanese poet Ali Morteza Al-Amin and Syrian poet Saleh Azima. Imam Khomeini offered the truth of religion in the way as the God's prophet and his family had done before and this interpretation seemed to be novel, because of this, some Arab poet has called him reviver of the religion.

Due to the importance of scientific and literary criticism in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of various writings, it may be argued that the value of the critique of works is not valuable than the works themselves. Therefore, the current study intends to study the book entitled Stylistic structures a Study in Modern Arabic Poetry by Kamaj Abde Al-rrazzagh Al-ojaili. The form and content critiques of the book are considered. There are some typographical and typographical errors, generality of the subject, not referring to the background of the research, providing some content regardless of statistics, disappointing titles. Besides, the statistical community is very large that prevents accurate and in-depth analysis. Though we should not be distracted that the book has a lot of merits including reviewing and analyzing the views of others, innovation to adapt a new perspective on poetic texts, providing precise definition of the terms of the research, avoiding the expression of external and non-related topics, avoiding repeating the material, and providing precise references, relevant documentation, and resources.

Poetry translation is one of the most controversial and important issues in the field of translation about which different opinions have been presented. Some considered it impossible, while others endorsed the translation of poetry into traditional poetry and provided successful examples. The situation is different in translating modern poetry (lit. Nima poetry), because modern poetry gives great importance to internal music. Internal music is based on linguistic techniques (modern metaphors, repetition, pun, antithesis, exaggeration, parallelism, etc. ) and semantic figures of speech (symbolism, the use of myth, etc. ). Badr Shakir al-Sayyab has numerous poetic innovations and linguistic creations, and it is difficult to translate his poetry in such a way that it has the least amount of phonetic and semantic loss. This article seeks to explore the linguistic features of his poetry and the difficulties of translating his poems. The general conclusion is that the translator is able to make the least phonetic and semantic loss using some linguistic techniques in the target language and accuracy in finding lexical equivalence.

Myth, as the first human intellectual system, is part of the mental experiences of nations, and poetry has been a continuation of that because imagination in myth is cognate with the imagery in poetry. Adonis and Bekas, with assimilative and abstract mindsets and breaking down classical forms have brought great innovations and by adopting and recreating mythological symbols have appropriated them to express their themes. This research, using content analysis and a comparative approach based on the American school, examines the application of myth in modern Arabic and Kurdish poetry, with an emphasis on the poems of Adonis and Sherko Bekas, to explain the fundamental aspects of the mythological symbols in their poetry. Myth is used in all the major themes of Adonis and Sherko Bekas’ poetry, yet implicit connotations of mythological concepts are more than the explicit ones. Phoenix, Jesus, Mary, Scheherazade, Cain and Abel, Mahyar and Hallaj, Sisyphus, Noah and Sindbad are among the common myths in their poetry. Sherko Bekas is more inclined towards Eastern and Iranian myths, while Adonis often leans towards Greek and Roman myths. Expanding the semantic strategies, utilizing conceptualization capacity, exerting the fluidity of mythological themes, and combining them with historical knowledge are factors that have helped both poets succeed in applying myth in their poetry. They have added to the richness of the meaning of their poetry by combining concepts, masking mythical characters, strengthening structural and conceptual functions of language, explaining the mental and physical dimensions of time and place, and hinting at narratives and characters.

This article disuses the modern Arabic poetry from 19th century until triplicates in twenty century, we see the changes in the poetry in this period, the first poems are called the new classicism, then the changes in the poem continue near the three schools in the Modern Arabic poetry, they are: The school of Al-Divan, the school of Apollo, and the school of Al-Mahjar. The poets who were following these schools, made the changes in content, form and style of arabic poetry and the romanticism manner was prevailed in their poem.

Over its history, the Persian language has experienced numerous challenges. One of these challenges was encountering with the Arabic language. The expansion of Arabic language caused Arabic to become a literary reputation and identity among Persian speakers, and poets were proud of their Arabic poetry. One of these poets is Khaqhani Shervani who composed both Arabic and Persian poems. As he claimed, he has an Arabic divan (poem collection). As opposed to what today's scholars have stated, Khaqani's Arabic poetry writing is referred to in some historical resources and biographies such as Mostofi's Selective History, Jami's Nafahat al-Ons, and Amir Alishirnavayi's Majalis al-Nafaes. The present thesis has mentioned Khaqhani's some characteristics and illustrative techniques that lack of familiarity of some researchers with them can cause problems in translation, interpretation, and explanation of his Arabic poems. Khaqhani used a lot of rhetorical figures of speech in his poetry. Most figures used by Khaqhani are pun, hyperbole, allegory, and letter writing. Sometimes the utilization of different rhetorical figures of speech has caused complicated images, and usage of terms of different sciences has also caused his Arabic poems, like his odes, to be counted as technical poems.

Today, university books are an important tool for educating students and transferring knowledge and ideas to them. Therefore, the preparation and compilation of a book that can play this important thing is very necessary. Hence, a critique of the academic book seeks to examine and analyze such books on the basis of standard indicators and provide the basis for productivity for such an important pillar in higher education. The present article seeks to analyze the structural, linguistic, and content characteristics of the book, "The Language of Modern Arabic Poetry: Its Artistic Elements and Creative Energies", by Saeed Alvaraqi", and it presents the strengths and weaknesses of this book. It is an academic work in the field of critique of contemporary Arabic poetry. The most important results are: Exterior features such as cover layout, page design, and highlighting in writing, although the headline does not need to be highlighted. The language is scientific, specialized, and appropriate for the subject and level of its audience. The chapters of the book are in full agreement with the title, and in the order of chapters, there is a logical and scientific sequence. The book is a comprehensive and up-to-date book and has been able to communicate with its own books, and has used a large amount of old and contemporary references. Finally, this book can be used as a subtitle for undergraduate and postgraduate students to criticize and analyze poetic texts.

Employing myth is one of the aesthetic expressive tools used by modern poets in their poetry. Its use in modern poetry is so prevalent that it has become one of the most important phenomena in modern and contemporary literature, distinguishing it as a feature of modern literature. Almost every poetic work contains symbolic and mythological references. In an attempt to find a style that harmonizes with nature, female poets often incorporate myth, creating metaphorical or miraculous images. Myths are present in the poems of women poets, and many of them utilize these myths to convey messages about their poetic conditions, as well as their philosophical and intellectual existence in life.This study adopts a comparative analytical approach to reveal the manifestations of myth in feminist poetry. The researcher sheds light on feminist literature and the influence of Western literature on Arab culture through a comparison between two examples of female poets from modern literature: Edith Sitwell (1887-1964) and Nazik Al-Malaika (1923-2007). The aim of this study is to explore the mythological content in the poems of contemporary female poets, specifically focusing on how myth is employed in modern feminist poetry and its intensive invocation between these two poets.The results indicate that there is an influence of Western literature on the poetic development of Nazik Al-Malaika, with evidence showing that Greek symbols dominate her poetic texts. Additionally, she incorporates some religious myths based on Christian narratives into her discourse. On the other hand, Edith Sitwell creates unfamiliar symbols and images from her own imaginative world.Through this study of the employment of myth in Arab and Western literature, the mythic image is manifested in the imaginative features of the two poets. This expression of artistic linguistic text is blended with elements that are relevant to reality. The present study represents the first attempt to explore this concept by examining both cultures. It becomes evident that the use of myth serves as a means to revisit the primal origins of life.

In this article, the researcher, first, considers the principles and factors of the formation of "Ashura Movement" and then surveys the impact of this movement on the Islamic Revolution of Iran.Based on the holy sayings of Imam Hossein (P.) which were effective in Imam Khomeini Movement, the modern Arabic poets talked about the emergence, formation, and victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Imam Khomeini (R.) could make the people well familiar with the present situations and conditions of the Iranian community.Based on Imam Hossein (P.) Ashura Movement, he led the Islamic Revolution quite well and caused the Revolution to be victorious.